INFORMATICS PREVIOUS QUESTION BASED

1. What is cyber ethics?

Cyber ethics is a set of moral rules and guidelines for online behavior. It's a branch of ethics that explores the ethical and moral issues that arise in cyberspace, or the electronic worlds made visible by the internet

2. What is cloud computing?

cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics. Cloud-based storage makes it possible to save files to a remote source. Cloud data storage platforms include Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive, and Box

3. What is the purpose of immigration kiosks in the airport?

Immigration kiosks are self-service machines that help passengers complete immigration and border control processes: 

 

Biometric registration: Some kiosks allow passengers to register their biometrics, such as fingerprints or facial images, before arriving at the immigration counter. This can reduce the time spent at the counter. 

 

Passport verification: Some kiosks use data from a biometric passport chip, along with a photo or fingerprint, to verify a passenger's identity. 

 

Language support: Some kiosks can be programmed to provide service in multiple languages. 

 

Document scanning: Some kiosks can scan documents. 

 

Payment: Some kiosks can accept payment. 

Immigration kiosks at airports are designed to speed up the immigration process for passengers, making it more efficient and comfortable: 

 

• Reduce wait times: Kiosks can significantly reduce wait times at immigration counters. 

 

• Improve efficiency: Kiosks can streamline the immigration process, allowing for faster passenger clearance. 

 

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• Enhance passenger experience: Kiosks can make the immigration process easier and more time-saving for passengers. 

 

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• Ensure security: Kiosks can help ensure security. 

 

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• Provide a contactless process: Kiosks can provide a comfortable, contactless, and less intimidating process for travelers. 

 

• Identify passengers: Some kiosks use biometrics, such as fingerprints, faces, or irises, to identify passengers

4. Describe the purpose of a blog in tourism.

a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style

Blogs are an important part of the tourism industry for a number of reasons, including: 

 

Marketing

Travel blogs are a digital marketing tool that can help tourism businesses increase bookings and sales. They can also help businesses create new opportunities by working with bloggers who appeal to different audiences. 

 

Sharing experiences

Travel blogs are a way for tourists to share their experiences online. They can also help tourists make sense of their experiences and construct their identity. 

 

Creating trust

Blogs can help build trust with an audience by sharing relevant, interesting, and enjoyable content. 

 

Improving SEO

Blogs can help improve search engine optimization (SEO) by using relevant keywords, imagery, and video content. 

 

Inspiring travel

Travel blogs can inspire people to travel to a region. 

 

Storytelling

Blogs allow for a different perspective that can help people feel connected. 

5. What is e-Word of mouth communication?

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is a type of communication where consumers share their opinions, recommendations, and experiences about products or services using digital tools. It can be found in many forms, including:

Online reviews

Social media posts

Discussion boards

Personal emails

User-generated content 

 

eWOM is considered a powerful market force because consumers often view it as an unbiased and trustworthy source of information. It can be more influential than advertising and marketing messages. 

 

6. What is User Generated Content (UGC)?

User-generated content (UGC) is any content created by a brand's users, rather than the brand itself. This content can be in the form of text, photos, videos, audio, or other formats. UGC can be found on social media, review sites, message boards, or on a brand's website. 

 

UGC can be unpaid or paid, and it can be created by a variety of people, including customers, fans, ambassadors, and employees. Some examples of UGC include:

Customer reviews and ratings

Testimonials

Blog posts or articles written by customers

Unboxing videos

Social media posts featuring products or services

User-created tutorials or how-to guides

User-submitted tips and tricks

Social media challenges or trends involving the brand 

7. Describe cyber additions.

Cyber addiction, also known as internet addiction, is a psychological disorder that involves an unhealthy obsession with the internet: 

 

Symptoms

Spending excessive amounts of time online, neglecting other areas of life, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms like anxiety or moodiness 

 

Signs

Feeling more comfortable with online friends, losing track of time online, and having trouble completing tasks 

 

Consequences

Damaging relationships, losing a job, entering financial distress, and experiencing physical health issues like carpal tunnel or vision problems 

 

Related disorders

Problem gambling, video game addiction, internet sex addiction, and compulsive talking 

 

Treatments

Psychosocial treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, medication, and 12-step recovery programs 

8. Explain payment interface system.

A payment interface is a system that allows users to access a payment system, make orders, set settings, and more. 

 

UPI (Unified Payments Interface) is a payment interface in India that allows users to make mobile payments without using debit or credit cards. UPI is a real-time system that allows users to: 

 

Link multiple bank accounts to a single mobile app 

 

Make instant money transfers 

 

Make merchant payments using Scan & Pay 

 

Send payments to friends and family using a virtual address 

 

Verify the authenticity of merchants using a Quick Response (QR) code 

 

Set mandates for recurring payments 

 

Pay bills 

 

UPI was launched in India in 2016 by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). 

UPI is available through a number of apps, including:

Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm, Amazon Pay, Airtel Payments Bank, MobiKwik, Samsung Pay, and WhatsApp Pay.

9. List down any two renowned Online Travel Agencies (OTAs).

Here are two well-known online travel agencies (OTAs): 

 

Expedia Group

A leading OTA that offers a wide range of travel services, including flights, accommodations, car rentals, and vacation packages. 

 

Agoda

An OTA that is part of Booking Holding and has a large number of property listings in Asia. Agoda has expanded into Europe and America, with its website and 2 million listings available in 38 languages. 

 

Other OTAs include: 

 

Airbnb

An OTA that offers accommodations such as bed and breakfasts, holiday homes, apartments, and small affordable hotels. 

 

Tripadvisor

An OTA that allows guests to compare hotels by looking at the pricing, services, and places. 

 

Trip.com

A leading provider of travel services in China, including reservations for accommodation, transportation, tours, and corporate travel. 

 

Despegar

A leading OTA in Latin America that offers airfare, hotel bookings, travel packages, and other travel products. 

 

MakeMyTrip

An OTA that was established in India and has achieved remarkable success in a short period of time. 

 

10. Describe payment gateways.

A payment gateway is a service that allows businesses to accept payments from customers. When choosing a payment gateway, you can consider things like:

Fees

Whether there are setup fees, monthly fees, or additional charges for international payments or chargebacks

Long-term costs

A gateway with no setup fee but higher transaction costs could be more expensive over time 

 

Here are some popular payment gateways: 

 

PayPal

A widely recognized gateway that's easy to set up and doesn't require a contract or startup fees 

 

Stripe

A payment gateway and processor that allows customers to make payments using a variety of methods 

 

Authorize.Net

A trusted gateway for eCommerce that allows merchants to accept payments through a wide range of processors 

 

Square

A flexible gateway with many customization options that allows payments on apps and existing software integrations 

 

Adyen

An omnichannel payment processing business that offers businesses different payment methods on a single platform 

 

Amazon Pay

An eCommerce payment gateway that allows customers to pay using their Amazon credentials 

 

Braintree

A gateway that provides tools for accepting credit and debit cards, PayPal, Apple Pay, and other payment methods 

 

Razorpay

An Indian gateway that offers online businesses the ability to accept, process, and distribute payments 

11. What is Global Distribution System in tourism?

A Global Distribution System (GDS) is a computer network that connects travel agencies and other distributors to book travel services. GDSs are used by many businesses in the tourism sector, including airlines, hotels, and tour operators. 

 

GDSs are important because they provide real-time information to travel agents, such as inventory, pricing, and availability. This helps travel agents make more reservations, which increases revenue for the accommodation. GDSs also allow travel agents to complete searches and bookings within minutes. 

 

Some examples of GDSs include: 

 

Sabre

A prominent GDS that provides travel agencies with tools and solutions for booking air tickets, hotels, car rentals, and tours 

 

Travelport

A GDS that aggregates inventory, prices, and information on airlines, cruises, rails, car rentals, hotels, tours, and activities 

 

Amadeus

A GDS and transaction processor that provides a technology that has helped the travel industry move forward 

 

Galileo

A global supplier of travel products that provides the Galileo Global Distribution system 

12. Describe PNR.

A PNR, or Passenger Name Record, is a digital record that contains a passenger's or group of passengers' itinerary details. It's a key part of the flight booking process and is used for a variety of purposes, including: Booking confirmation, Managing bookings, Online check-in, and Accessing flight details. 

 

A PNR includes a unique 6-character alphanumeric code, also known as a record locator, booking reference, or reservation code. This code can be found on e-tickets and boarding passes. 

 

PNRs can contain a variety of data elements, including: Name, Ticketing information, Payment method, Credit card number, and Passenger email address. 

 

PNRs are system-specific, so two airlines can have PNRs with the same combination without confusion. The combination of system/airline code and PNR is needed to get a unique trip identifier. 

 

PNRs are generally not treated with the same privacy protection as medical and financial records. Instead, they are treated as a form of commercial transaction data. 

13. What is Web 2.0?

Web 2.0 are websites and applications that make use of user-generated content for end users. Web 2.0 is characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels

Web 2.0 is the second generation of the World Wide Web, and is characterized by a number of features, including: 

 

User-generated content: Users can create and update content on websites, and anyone can become an author through blogs. 

 

Interactivity: Users can modify website content by posting messages, articles, and photos. 

 

Social media: Users can interact with each other and share information. 

 

Social bookmarking: Users can create an online bookmark warehouse by assigning tags to websites. 

 

Software as a service (SaaS): Users can access web applications with only a web browser. 

 

Searching functionality: Users can access information by typing a keyword. 

 

Tagging: Users can add one-word descriptions to content to make it easier to search. 

 

Long tail: Web 2.0 allows for targeting specific audiences through SEO and tailored content. 

 

Extensions: Web 2.0 allows the web to serve as an application platform and a storehouse of documents. 

 

Web 2.0 is a consolidation of many existing technologies that allows for a rich and interactive user experience over the web

14. Explain search engine marketing

Search engine marketing (SEM) is a digital marketing strategy that helps companies increase their visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs). It involves a combination of paid advertising and search engine optimization (SEO) techniques:

Paid advertising

Advertisers bid on keywords related to their products or services, and their ads appear at the top or bottom of the SERPs when users search for those keywords. This is also known as pay-per-click (PPC) advertising.

SEO

Involves optimizing a website's content and structure so that search engines can more easily understand and rank it. This can include on-page optimization, keyword research, and link building. 

 

SEM is a highly targeted and effective marketing strategy because it helps businesses reach customers who are actively searching for their products or services. SEM can generate results quickly, and it offers advertisers more control over their campaigns than SEO, which can take time to show results. 

 

SEM is suitable for businesses of all sizes, from startups to larger brands. It offers affordable minimum investment options, and advertisers only pay when users click on their ads.

11. Give a description on E passport.

An e-passport, also known as a biometric passport or digital passport, is a passport that has an embedded electronic chip that contains the passport holder's biometric information. This information includes fingerprints, facial recognition data, name, date of birth, and passport number. 

12. Outline the role of social media with examples in travel business.

Social media plays a vital role in the travel business, helping companies to: 

 

Increase visibility

Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have millions of active users, allowing travel businesses to reach a wider audience. 

 

Predict travel trends

Social media can help companies predict future travel trends by analyzing searches made by users. 

 

Engage with customers

Social media allows companies to interact with customers by responding to their posts, queries, and messages. 

 

Share customer feedback

Social media platforms allow companies to share customer feedback and reviews. 

 

Provide customer service

Social media can be used as a real-time communication channel for airlines to connect with passengers. 

 

Create personalized campaigns

Social media platforms can be used to create personalized campaigns for a target audience. 

 

Attract users with promotional offers

Social media platforms can be used to attract users with promotional offers and giveaways. 

 

Showcase products and services

Social media platforms can be used to showcase products and services. 

 

Here are some examples of how social media can be used in the travel business:

Facebook

Facebook's Recommendations feature allows people to share their experiences, which can be used to reach information about what users are saying about a travel business.

Instagram

Instagram is a great platform for tourism businesses to engage with their current and future customers.

Twitter

Twitter can be used to talk about short travel tips and promos, and is especially useful for providing customer service.