INFORMATICS MODULE 2 NOTES

MODULE 2 NOTES


BUSINESS WORKSHEET( MS EXCEL)

WORK SHEET FUNDAMENTALS

🔽WORK SHEET 

A worksheet in Excel is a single digital page or spreadsheet made of rows and columns where enter, organize, and calculate data.

🔽CREATION OF WORKSHEET 

♦️Open Excel: Launch Microsoft Excel on your computer.

♦️New File: Click File then select New.

♦️Blank Document: Choose Blank Workbook to open a new spreadsheet grid.

♦️Add Sheets: Click the New Sheet (+) plus icon at the bottom tab area to insert additional worksheets.

CELL ENTRY IN EXCEL

To enter data in a cell in Microsoft Excel, click the cell once, type your content, and press Enter or Tab to save it.

Basic Data Entry Steps
• Select a cell: Click any cell on the grid to make it active.

• Type data: Enter numbers, text, or dates using your keyboard.

• Confirm entry: Press Enter to save and move down, or press Tab to save and move right.

• Cancel entry: Press the Esc key while typing to clear the cell without saving.


CELL REFERENCE 

A cell reference in Excel identifies the location of a cell or range of cells on a worksheet using its column letter and row number, such as A1 or B2. 

Absolute cell reference

An absolute cell reference is a locked formula address that does not change when you copy or fill it into other cells.

Syntax: 

Add a dollar sign ($) before the column letter and row number (like $A$1) to lock both completely

Shortcuts

Press F4 while editing a cell reference to cycle through absolute and mixed options.

Common Uses

1• Applying Fixed Tax Rates: 

Multiply different item prices in a column by a single tax rate stored in one constant cell.

2• Calculating Bonuses or Commissions: 

Apply a single set bonus percentage to a list of different employee salaries.

3• Using Conversion Factors: 

Convert multiple values (such as feet to meters or currencies) using a single exchange rate cell.

4• Locking Totals or Limits:

 Reference a global budget cap or a grand total cell across multiple comparison rows.

Relative cell reference

A relative cell reference is a cell address in a spreadsheet formula that automatically changes when you copy or move the formula to a new location.

No dollar signs: 
They do not use a dollar sign ($) in their address


mixed cell reference

A mixed cell reference in Microsoft Excel is a cell reference that locks either the row or the column while leaving the other part free to change when copy a formula.

Types of Mixed References

• Locked Column ($A1): 

The column letter ($A) stays fixed, but the row number (1) changes when you copy the formula.

• Locked Row (A$1): 

The row number ($1) stays fixed, but the column letter (A) changes when you copy the formula


DATA HANDLING AND FUNCTIONS

Using built in functions

Mathematical Functions 







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